Two critical systematic reviews of the literature suggest that thickening of feeds is helpful in reducing the signs of GORD 7, 18. In adults, cigarette smoking is a common cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux, and ETS from parental smoking may also be a cause of GOR in babies 13-17. Eliminating environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is important for many baby health outcomes. Babies who are breastfed have less GOR 11, 12 Medical attention is recommended if vomiting is very frequent and growth should be monitored using parent-held records. Most GOR can be managed by educating and reassuring parents that it will resolve by itself without treatment or medication. The great majority of children with the more serious GORD are over one year of age 2. GOR is a normal physiological process occurring several times per day in healthy babies both term and preterm and is normally cleared by swallowing 9, 10. Regurgitation occurs in about 50% of babies less than 3 months of age and resolves spontaneously, without intervention, by 12 months in all but 5% of babies 1, 3, 4, 8. GOR regurgitation or ‘spitting up’ is common in babies.
If a baby is in an elevated cot, further hazards may be introduced into the sleeping environment.Elevating the sleeping surface for back sleeping babies does not reduce GOR and is not recommended 5, 7.In babies with GOR, the risk of sudden death when baby is in the tummy or side sleeping positions outweighs any benefits of tummy or left side positioning of babies 6.Babies with GOR should be placed to sleep on their back from birth on a firm, flat mattress that is not elevated 5.Most of this regurgitation resolves spontaneously after 6 months, and completely by twelve months in 95% of babies 1, 3, 4. It is normal for up to 50% of babies less than three months of age and 70% of completely healthy infants under twelve months of age to have regurgitation that is physiologic. It is a characteristic sign of reflux in infants but is not diagnostic of GORD 1. Other terms include “spitting up”, “positing” or “spilling’. Regurgitation in children is defined as the passage of refluxed contents into the throat, mouth or from the mouth. This requires medical assessment before a diagnosis of GORD is made 1, 2. For example, when the GOR causes poor weight gain or complications such as oesophagitis or respiratory signs.
Gastro-Oesphageal Reflux Disease (GORD) occurs when the reflux of gastric (stomach) contents causes troublesome signs and/or complications, that is, when GOR has an adverse effect on the well-being of the baby. Gastro-Oesphageal Reflux (GOR) is the effortless regurgitation or spitting up of gastric (stomach) contents into the oesophagus (food pipe) with or without effortless regurgitation and vomiting 1. Where studies specifically define the population as SIDS, this specific term will be used to describe the study findings. Safe sleeping recommendations target known risk factors associated with SUDI. The term Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) is now used as this term refers to all cases of sudden and unexpected death in infancy and includes deaths from the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and fatal sleeping accidents. Sleep baby in their own safe sleeping place in the same room as an adult care-giver for the first six to twelve months
Provide a safe sleeping environment night and dayĥ.
Baby born missing part of skull no gag reflex free#
Keep baby smoke free before birth and afterĤ. Sleep baby with head and face uncoveredģ. Sleep baby on the back from birth, not on the tummy or sideĢ. To Reduce the Risks of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI), including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Fatal Sleep Accidentsġ.
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